孔院微课堂 | 冬至到了，“年味儿”渐浓

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中国画《冬至》 孙震生

dōng

冬

zhì

至

Winter Solstice

冬至这一天，北半球白昼时间最短、黑夜最长，古有“日短至”之称。“日照数九冬至天，清霜风高未辞岁”，自此，真正的数九寒天便开始了。

On the first day of the solar term Winter Solstice, the daytime is the shortest and night is the longest in a year in the northern hemisphere. That is why this day has been known as the shortest day since ancient China. Winter Solstice marks the advent of the coldest season in a year.

二十四节气中的中国文化之冬至

解说词

冬至曾是古人最隆重的节日之一。《清嘉录》中记载“冬至大如年”。对老百姓而言，这一天是个吉祥的日子，代表着旧去新来。

油画《开平冬至》 戴士和

既然要“过年”，那就离不开食物了。北方人爱吃饺子，冬至这一天当然不能例外，毕竟俗语说了：“冬至不端饺子碗，冻掉耳朵没人管。”而在南方，人们更爱吃汤圆、年糕，有的地区还流行“冬至团”，用糖、肉、菜、果、萝卜丝等做馅，糯米粉包制而成，寓意一份团圆美满。正如戴士和在油画作品《开平冬至》里描绘的那样，鲜鱼、禽蛋、咸肉、粽子……这些让人垂涎欲滴的美食，为迎接冬至统统都要备出来。画家用笔生动自如，色彩饱满浓郁，每种食材似乎都散发着生命力，给人强烈的现场感。

中国画《冬至》戴树良

在古代，冬至的另一个重要习俗，就是祭祖。戴树良的《冬至》用中国画的表现手法，生动展现出学生敬师拜圣的场景：先生谦逊和蔼地端坐厅堂，学生们带着酒菜、礼物向老师拜叩，师娘备好的饭菜热气腾腾，就连墙上的孔夫子像都刻画深入，每个细节都体现出画家的精心构思，将冬至时节的文化内涵表现得淋漓尽致。

一年到头，人们往往都会抓紧最后的时节忙碌。陈树中的《野草滩的冬至》记录了冬至时节农民的劳作生活。大雪过后的小村庄，到处是白茫茫的积雪，一家人分工协作，铲雪、扫房顶、整理草垛，忙得不亦乐乎。

冬至来了，预示着这一年就快过去，你准备如何过这个“年”？好好吃一顿大餐，向父母师长送去一份祝福，再为自己做一份年终总结，一起准备好去迎接新的一年吧！

Chinese Culture in the 24 Solar Terms: Winter Solstice

Narratage

Winter Solstice was one of the most important festivals in the old times. According to a book written about 200 years ago, "Winter Solstice is as important as the New Year Day".  To the common folks, this was an auspicious day, meaning that the old had gone and the new would arrive.

Celebrating Winter Solstice also means having good food. People in North China like to eat dumplings, particularly during Winter Solstice. As a saying goes, "If you forget eating dumplings during Winter Solstice, your ears will be frozen and no one will care." While in the south, people often eat glue puddings and rice cakes. In some places, people eat Winter Solstice ball. Made with glutinous rice flour wrapped with sugar, meat, vegetables, fruits, shredded radish, it symbolizes happiness and unity. As Dai Shihe depicts in his oil painting Winter Solsticein Kaiping, a place in South China, fresh fish, eggs, bacon, dumplings and other delicacies are all prepared for Winter Solstice. Painted with bold brushstrokes and rich colors, the food ingredients are vivid and true to life.

Another important custom in Winter Solstice in the old times was ancestor worship. In a Chinese painting entitled Winter Solstice, painter Dai Shuliang presents a scene of   students paying respect to their teacher with liquor and other gifts in his house. The teacher’s wife has prepared a good meal for them. There is also a well-painted portrait of Confucius on the wall. With fine and delicate details, the painting fully conveys the cultural appeal of Winter Solstice.

As the year draws to an end, people have a lot of work to complete. Chen Shuzhong's painting Winter Solstice on the Meadow shows a busy scene for farmers during Winter Solstice. The small village is covered with heavy snow. A farmer and his family members are busily shoveling snow, sweeping the roof and keeping the haystack in good order.

When Winter Solstice comes, we know that a year will soon be over. It is time to have a good meal, send best wishes to parents and teachers, and look back on what we have achieved in the year. And more importantly, we should get ready for the advent of the New Year!

内容转自：光明日报&中国传媒大学

作者：李娜

美术编辑：杨立梦（实习）

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